(381 words) A doctor in a rural hospital, author of libretto of various operas, a prose writer who wrote one of the most mystical novels ... And this is all about him - about Mikhail Bulgakov.
He was born in 1891 (Kiev, Ukraine). His mother worked as a teacher, his father as a professor at the Theological Academy. Mikhail Bulgakov graduated from gymnasium No. 1 and Kiev University. A graduate of the Faculty of Medicine during the First World War served in hospitals and hospitals, both at the front and in the rear. He returned to his native city only in 1918, but a year later he went to the North Caucasus as a military doctor of the White Army. It was in the Caucasus that Bulgakov first published a newspaper article.
Since 1919, the writer was engaged only in literary work. In three years he wrote five plays. Only one text has survived - "Sons of the Mullahs." The plays were on the stage of the Vladikavkaz Theater. In 1921, Bulgakov received the post of secretary in the Main Political Education Committee at the People's Commissariat of Education in Moscow. Over the next five years, he published essays on the life of the capital and literary works in the newspaper “The Eve” (“The Chalice of Life”, the story “Chichikov’s Adventures”, and the collection “Notes on Cuffs”). In the years 1925-27. saw the light of the work under the general title "Notes of a young doctor." At that time, the writer published not only “satirical accusations” of Soviet reality (“The Devil”, “Fatal Eggs”, “Dog Heart”), but also serious works, such as the novel “The White Guard” (1925). Bulgakov depicted the White Guard environment not only as a negative phenomenon, so he was accused of trying to justify the “whites”.
In 1926, the play Days of the Turbins was written. The performance of the Moscow Art Theater met with rave reviews from the audience and received negative reviews from critics who called Bulgakov an anti-Soviet author. At the same time, the Vakhtangov Theater included in the repertoire the play “Zoykina Apartment”. She was forbidden to demonstrate after the two hundredth show, and the play “Running”, written two years later, at the end of the first rehearsals. In 1930, the plays and stories of the writer were not printed at all. Then he sent an appeal to the government. On April 18, I.V. Bulgakov called Stalin. After some time, the writer took the post of director of the Moscow Art Theater. He worked in the theater until 1936, then moved to the Bolshoi Theater. Another interesting fact in the life of the writer is that at one time he was very addicted to morphine (drug), being a doctor. He was saved by a devoted wife, who helped her husband overcome drug addiction.
The author’s latest novel is “The Master and Margarita,” which received the characterization of philosophical and fantastic. He wrote it from 1929 to 1940. Even the illness did not stop completing the novel: the writer was almost blind, and Bulgakov’s third wife, Elena, was engaged in the correction of the manuscript. Already after his death (1940), “Adam and Eve”, the play “Bliss”, which became famous “Ivan Vasilievich” and “Theater Novel”, were published.
